Archive for the ‘Hair Restoration’ Category
The Diagnosis of Hair Loss in Women
Figuring out the cause of female hair loss is not as straight forward in women as it is in men. Often times a medical evaluation is required to determine the correct cause. Here are three different diagnostic tests that can be performed under the direction of your physician.
The first is to inspect the patients head with a densitometer, which is a hand held instrument that magnifies a small area of the scalp where the hair has been clipped to about 1 mm in length. The purpose of this tool is to look for miniaturization – the progressive decrease of the hair shaft’s diameter and length in response to hormones. A woman who has miniaturization may be suffering from “female pattern” hair loss.
A second diagnostic test is the hair pull. In this test the physician pinches 20 – 30 hairs with his fingers and gently pulls on them. If five or more come out then this may indicate increased shedding, a condition associated with telogen effluvium, a reversible form of hair loss caused by factors such as stress, pregnancy, and drug reactions.
A third diagnostic test is the hair pluck. To perform this test the doctor forcibly plucks 20 – 30 hairs from the scalp with a small clamp. The hair bulbs are then examined under a microscope to determine the ratio of growing hairs to resting hairs. The normal range is 80% of the hair follicles should be in the growth (anagen) stage. Anything lower may indicate telogen effluvium (increased shedding.) The microscope examination also allows for the observation of abnormalities in the hair shaft which may lead to hair breakage and poor growth.
If the cause of the hair loss is still undetermined, additional testing may be required. Your doctor may take a scraping on your head and do a culture to look for fungus, or perform a scalp biopsy to check on regular and special tissue strains. A blood test may be ordered to check for increased androgen production.
Other tests that are commonly ordered to screen for underlying medical conditions include:
• CBC (complete blood count) – for anemia, blood loss and certain vitamin deficiencies
• Serum iron and iron binding capacity – for anemia
• T3, T4, TSH – for thyroid disease
• ANA – for Lupus
• STS – for Syphilis
Before embarking on any treatment it is important to know the underlying cause of the hair loss. Going to a physician is the best way to receive a proper evaluation. Once you know the reason you can begin to use natural hair restoration practices to regrow your own hair.
Additional Information
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Vitamins and Hair Loss
Can Vitamins and Minerals help Regrow Hair?
Hair loss and thinning hair can be the result of many different factors. The main culprits are genetics, the aging process, and medical conditions. Although there is not much you can do about your genetics, and no one has figured out a way to stop getting old, you do have some degree of control over your health.
Many medications list hair loss as a side effect: Coumadin (warfarin); Lopid (gemfibrozil); antidepressants; beta-blockers; non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs); and drugs for gout, arthritis, birth control, and high blood pressure. Usually, hair grows back when the medication is stopped.
Nutritional deficiencies can also cause you to lose your hair. Hair, just like the rest of the cells in your body, needs certain nutrients to stay healthy. A diet lacking these nutrients can stunt hair growth or leave hair dull and limp. If the nutritional deficiency is big enough — like for someone with an eating disorder — hair can fall out. As a result, supplements are sometimes necessary to restore proper levels, which, in turn, can sometimes help regrow hair.
The foundation of all new cellular growth in our bodies is found in the nutrients we eat. A well balanced diet will promote stronger and healthier cells throughout your entire body, both inside and out. If you want to improve the condition of your hair, then you need to improve the building blocks it is made of.
How do vitamins and minerals work?
Vitamins and minerals play an essential role in the body’s normal metabolism, growth, and development. They do this by helping the body process nutrients. Nutrients are substances that are involved in the creation of every molecule in the body. The body needs more than 45 nutrients, and the ways that nutrients are used are as varied as the molecules, cells, and tissues they help to create. Carbohydrates, proteins, and fats (called macronutrients) are broken down (metabolized) to give the body energy. Vitamins and minerals (called micronutrients) are not themselves metabolized for energy, but they are crucial in helping the macronutrients convert to energy.
Because a broad array of nutrients, including vitamin C, iron, biotin, folate and zinc, seem to play roles in hair growth, some experts recommend taking a multivitamin/mineral supplement to cover all your nutritional bases.
Some specific vitamins and minerals essential to hair growth:
• Vitamin A – An antioxidant that aids in the making of sebum in the scalp, which lubricates the hair roots. Food sources rich in Vitamin A are red, yellow, and orange vegetables, fish liver oil, meat, milk, cheese, eggs, spinach, broccoli, cabbage, carrots, apricots and peaches.
• Niacin (Vitamin B3) – Aids in promoting scalp circulation. An increase in blood circulation makes more nutrients available to the hair follicles so they can grow stronger, healthier hair. Food sources include wheat germ, fish, chicken, turkey and meat.
• Pantothenic Acid (Vitamin B5) – Helps in preventing graying and hair loss. Rich food sources – whole grain cereals, organ meats and egg yolks.
• Vitamin B6 – Prevents hair loss. Food sources include brewer’s yeast, liver, whole grain cereals, vegetables, organ meats and egg yolk.
• Vitamin B12 – Prevents hair loss. Rich food sources include chicken, fish, eggs and milk.
• Vitamin C – Helps maintain hair health. Sources of vitamin C are citrus fruits, strawberries, kiwi, cantaloupe, pineapple, tomatoes, and dark green vegetables.
• Vitamin E – Improves blood circulation in the scalp. Food sources rich in vitamin E are vegetable oils, wheat germ oil, soybeans, raw seeds and nuts, dried beans, and leafy green vegetables.
• Biotin – A component of the manufacturing process of hair. It appears to enhance hair growth, thicken fibers and diminish shedding. It also plays a role in the overall health of skin and nails. It is found in foods like egg yolks, liver, rice, and milk.
• Beta-carotene – Essential to hair growth. This is because it is converted to vitamin A as the body needs it, helps maintain normal growth and bone development, protective sheathing around nerve fibers, as well as promoting healthy skin, hair, and nails.
• Inositol – Keeps hair follicles healthy. Rich food sources include whole grains, liver and citrus fruits.
• Iron – A lack of iron can lead to anemia – a reduction of red blood cells – which is a cause of hair loss in women. Adding iron rich foods to your diet like broccoli or brewer’s yeast may help reverse some forms of hair loss. Iron absorption is boosted by vitamin C.
• Zinc – Studies show this nutrient may affect the levels of androgens – the hormones involved in some forms of genetic hair loss
In addition to vitamins and minerals, some herbs have been identified as having a positive effect on slowing down hair loss including:
Green Tea - Studies have shown may influence blood concentrations of hormones linked to at least one form of genetic hair loss known as androgenic alopecia. In one study published in the journal Nutrition and Cancer in 1998, Japanese researchers found that drinking green tea could increase levels of the sex hormone binding globulin (SHBG) in women. Since this biochemical binds testosterone, the more SHBG present in a woman’s body, at least theoretically, the less testosterone will be in her bloodstream. And that, say some experts, may block the chain of hormonal activity that initiates some forms of hair loss. Green Tea is also a good source of anti-oxidants.
Additional Information
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Camouflage Thinning Hair with Hair Loss Concealers – DermMatch, Toppik, Nanogen Keratin Fibers & Good Looking Hair (GLH)
Are you looking for a way to diminish the effects of thinning hair?? Turn back the clock on hair loss and get the appearance of thicker, fuller hair in minutes with cosmetic hair loss concealers.
Hair loss concealers are cosmetic powders, creams, sprinkles and sprays that make the hair appear thicker. They work best in areas with existing hair and are usually used in conjunction with other natural hair restoration products. Although they do nothing to promote new hair growth they are good at camouflaging the appearance of balding.
How do Cosmetic Hair Loss Concealers Work?
Hair loss concealers work in one of two ways. They are either applied directly onto your scalp, as in the case of creams, powders, and sprays. Or they are added into your existing hair by way of shaking in microfibers.
DermMatch
DermMatch is a solid, hard-packed powdered formula that colors your scalp to match your hair. Developed by doctors in the 1990’s, it was initially used to cover up scars after hair transplant surgery. In addition to covering the scar, it turns out that it made the hair look much thicker all over. As a result, it is now sold to people who suffer from a variety of issues to mask the effects of thinning hair.
DermMatch is easy to apply. Simply get the EZ Grip, EZ Reach applicator moist, dip it in the color, and rub it on your head. Next, brush through your hair to coat the thin hairs with thickening agents, then let it dry. After it’s dry, brush again and watch your hair puff up thick and full.
If you’re worried about clogging up the pores on your head fear not. DermMatch’s topical formula is loaded with emollients and botanicals, which are good for your skin, so it’s safe to use every day. It’s also water-resistant, so it won’t drip off if you sweat, swim, or get caught in the rain. However, as with all hair concealer products, this will come off if you rub on it. To remove DermMatch just shampoo as normal.
Toppik
Toppik takes a different approach to masking thinning hair. Instead of applying product directly onto your scalp, you shake it into your hair. The creators of Toppik got the idea of using microfibers from a Hollywood makeup man’s secret trick to covering up actor’s bald spots. He would cut off pieces of the actors own hair, chop them into very small pieces, then add them back onto the actors head.
Toppik’s hair building fibers are made of all natural organic keratin protein, the same protein that human hair is made of, and come from the wool of sheep. Keratin, which is a class of fibrous protein molecules, also serves as the structural units for skin, nails, hooves, horns, feathers, and teeth. It is extremely strong, difficult to dissolve, and contains a large amount of sulfur, which is why it smells bad when it burns. Most of the keratin that people interact with is actually dead; hair, skin, and nails are all formed from dead cells which the body sheds as new cells push up from underneath. If the dead cells are kept in good condition, they will serve as an insulating layer to protect the delicate new keratin below them. In general, the thicker the layer of keratin, the healthier the hair or nail.
To apply Toppik simply sprinkle it onto your head. The tiny protein fibers adhere to your own hair due to static electricity. Toppik is completely undetectable and resistant to wind, rain and perspiration, yet easily washes out with shampoo. It is available in 8 colors and also has some additional accessories to help you get that perfect look.
Toppik Hairline Optimizer – designed to help you apply Toppik along your front hair line, it removes excess product, providing you softer, natural looking hair.
Toppik Spray Applicator – allows for a targeted, more controlled application of the Toppik fibers. Improve your results while using less product.
Toppik FiberHold Spray – for the finishing touch, spray on after applying Toppik fibers for a secure, long-lasting hold. Contains Pro Vitamin B5 to soften and condition hair and is pH balance 5.5 for best results.
Nanogen Keratin Fibers
Nanogen is another brand of hair building fibers made of keratin. You apply it by shaking it into your hair. The keratin fibers adhere to your existing hair, including the finest vellus hairs, via a static electrical charge that causes a magnet-like attraction to human hair. The results look like little branches on a tree. This bonding pattern creates the added density that makes your hair look full again.
To use: Dry and style your hair as normal, sprinkle on the Nanofibers, blend in gently with your fingers, then spray on the locking mist. To remove just shampoo.
Nanogen comes in 10 different shades. You can even mix colors for perfectly blended natural hair.
Mega THIK Hair Building Fibers
Mega THIK is an excellent all natural thinning hair solution for both men and women. It is made of organic keratin protein that has been cut with lasers into tiny micro sized fibers. The fibers electrostatic bond with your hair is so strong that they won’t come out even in high wind or rain. They also do not run, stain, or smear, but wash out easily with shampoo.
To use simply shake into dry hair then gently brush it in. The fibers mix down into your own hair and are completely undetectable. The end result is thicker, fuller looking hair.
Mega THIK is available in 7 different colors and is safe to use with other products and after hair transplant surgery.
Hair So Real (HSR)
Hair So Real are artificial hair fibers made of keratin, nylon, cotton and rayon. You apply them as other hair fiber products, by shaking them into your dry hair and combing. Finish off with hair spray. Available in 8 colors for both men and women.
Additional Information
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Possible Genetic Link found for Hair Loss. Could a cure for baldness be near?
Researchers studying the removal of the gene Sox21 from mice made a surprise discovery – they lost their hair!
Dr. Makoto Kiso and colleagues from the National Institute of Genetics and other research centers in Japan published their findings in the study titled “The disruption of Sox21-mediated hair shaft cuticle differentiation causes cyclic alopecia in mice.” They concluded that “Sox21 is a master regulator of hair shaft cuticle differentiation and shed light on the possible causes of human hair disorders.”
When scientists want to know what a particular gene does, the easiest way to find out is to remove it and see what happens. In this study the researchers wanted to know what role the Sox21gene plays in the development of mice. Previous studies show the Sox21 gene has been linked to the formation of nerve cells. Humans, like mice, carry the gene. In this study they removed the Sox21 gene to see what would happen and had an unexpected result – the mice started losing the hair on their head around two weeks after birth and became completely bald a week later. The mice began to re-grow hair a few days later, but then lost it again. This cycle of hair loss and regrowth continued for at least two years in both male and female mice.
To figure out why this happened they examined the hair follicles on the skin of regular mice and Sox21-lacking mice under a scanning electron microscope and a transmission electron microscope. What they found was that the absence of the Sox21 gene “resulted in a loss of the interlocking structures required for anchoring the hair shaft into the hair follicle. Furthermore, the expression of genes encoding the keratins and keratin binding proteins in the hair shaft cuticle are also specifically down-regulated in the Sox21-null mouse.”
The researchers conclude that the Sox21 gene has an important role in controlling the development of the hair shaft cuticle and that this finding “sheds light on the possible causes of human hair disorders.”
“It is entirely possible that the gene is also a cause of thinning hair among humans”, said Professor Yumiko Saga at the National Institute of Genetics in Tokyo in an interview with The Daily Telegraph.
In the same interview Dr. Bessam Farjo, medical director of the Institute of Trichologists, said the research added to the growing knowledge of hair loss and could help identify and target young men who will lose their hair.
“It is very interesting,” he said. “It should help in the current research into finding a cure for hair loss. It will also help us accurately target men likely to lose their hair so we can treat them before it happens.”
While we do know that the Sox21 gene is active in the normal skin of mice and in human scalp tissue this does not necessarily mean that this gene is a cause of human baldness. Further studies will be required to determine whether or not this is the case. But it is possible that this research may one day lead to development of treatments to prevent or reverse hair loss.
Additional Information
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The Norwood Classification of Hair Loss in Men
The Norwood classification is the most widely used classification for hair loss in men. Published in 1975 by Dr. O’Tar Norwood, it defines two major patterns and several less common types. In the regular Norwood pattern, two areas of hair loss – a bitemporal recession and thinning crown – gradually enlarge until the entire front, top and crown (vertex) of the scalp are bald.
Class I represents an adolescent or juvenile hairline and is not actually balding. The adolescent hairline generally rests on the upper brow crease.
Class II indicates a progression to the adult or mature hairline that sits a finger’s breath (1.5cm) above the upper brow crease, with some temporal recession. This also does not represent balding.
Class III is the earliest stage of male hair loss. It is characterized by a deepening temporal recession.
Class III Vertex represents early hair loss in the crown (vertex).
Class IV Is characterized by further frontal hair loss and enlargement of vertex, but there is still a solid band of hair across top separating front and vertex.
Class V the bald areas in the front and crown continue to enlarge and the bridge of hair separating the two areas begins to break down.
Class VI occurs when the connecting bridge of hair disappears leaving a single large bald area on the front and top of the scalp. The hair on the sides of the scalp remains relatively high.
Class VII patients have extensive hair loss with only a wreath of hair remaining in the back and sides of the scalp.
Norwood Class A
The Norwood Class A patterns are characterized by a front to back progression of hair loss. Norwood Class A’s lack the connecting bridge across the top of the scalp and generally have more limited hair loss in the crown, even when advanced.
The Norwood Class A patterns are less common than the regular pattern (<10%), but are significant because of the fact that, since the hair loss is most dramatic in the front, the patients look very bald even when the hair loss is minimal.
Additional Information
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- Bosley Medical News » Blog Archive » Bosley Hair Restoration, Hair Loss Solutions – Hampton, VA
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- Frontal Baldness – Causes and Solutions | Baldness Cure
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Smoking and Hair Loss – How smoking causes baldness
It is well known that smoking and tobacco products cause adverse health effects. Cigarette smoking is a leading cause of numerous health problems and diseases, such as blood clots, heart disease, and cancer. Now, recent medical research has discovered a link between smoking and increased instances of hair loss. Although an exact relationship between cigarette smoking and hair loss is yet to be found the evidence points to a disruption in circulation as a potential cause. The nicotine found in tobacco products is known to constrict blood vessels. The carbon monoxide in smoke decreases the oxygen carrying capacity of the blood. This combination decreases the body’s ability to get nutrients to your cells. To see this effect of poor circulation squeeze your nail bed until it turns white and see how quickly it returns to its natural pink color (it should be under 2 seconds). Compare the time difference after smoking a cigarette. You will see that the blushing time changes.
For the hair follicle to function at optimal levels and produce hair growth at the normal rate the cells must receive adequate amounts of oxygen, nutrients, and minerals. Since cigarette smoking has been shown to negatively affect the blood circulation system of your body, and specifically to reduce the blood flow through the scalp, it stands to reason that your hair follicles, just like the rest of the cells in your body, are being deprived the building blocks they need to work properly.
Smoking has also been shown to increases the levels of the hormones responsible for hair loss in men. A study led by the Harvard School of Public Health investigated 1241 men of medium age and compared hormone levels between smokers and non-smokers. The findings showed that dihydrotestosterone (DHT) levels were 13% higher in smokers than in non smokers and testosterone was 9% higher.
DHT is formed by the action of the enzyme 5-alpha reductase on testosterone, the hormone that causes sex characteristics in men. DHT causes androgenetic alopecia, also referred to as “male pattern” or “common” baldness, by shortening the growth, or anagen, phase of the hair cycle on genetically susceptible scalp hair follicles. This causes miniaturization (decreased size) of the follicles, and produces progressively shorter, finer hairs. Eventually these hairs totally disappear. This sensitivity to DHT is present mainly in hair follicles that reside in the front, top, and crown of the scalp (rather than the back and sides) producing a characteristic and easily identifiable pattern described by Norwood.
A report in the Archives of Dermatology states smoking may be associated with age-related hair loss among Asian men. The study was done in 2005 on a group of 740 men in Taiwan, aged 40 to 91 years. Asian men were selected because they have low rates of hereditary baldness. According to researchers “Androgenetic alopecia, a hereditary androgen-dependent disorder, is characterized by progressive thinning of the scalp hair defined by various patterns. It is the most common type of hair loss in men.” Although risk for the condition is largely genetic, some environmental factors also may play a role.
After controlling for age and family histories, the researchers found a greater rate of hair loss among the smokers, a risk that grew with increasing smoking. This association could be caused by several mechanisms, they note. Smoking may destroy hair follicles, damage the papilla that circulate blood and hormones to stimulate hair growth or increase production of the hormone estrogen, which may counter the effects of androgen.
Another theory as to why smoking may increase the occurrence of hair loss is based on general health concerns. Cigarettes are filled with tar, nicotine, and over 4000 chemicals. Smoking causes many illnesses and diseases, which can impair the functioning of other body systems. When the body is not healthy the organs do not function properly which can allow poisons, infections, bacteria, and other disease-causing substances to circulate throughout the body. These unwanted substances could further inhibit the hair follicle’s ability to maintain a normal hair growth pattern.
Aging, Gray Hair, and Hair Loss
Smoking has also been shown to accelerate the aging process and hair loss is often a symptom of aging. Smokers already know that they face an increased risk of developing wrinkles, facial discolorations, and grey hair. Recent medical findings suggest that premature hair loss could also be added to the list of accelerated aging symptoms seen primarily in smokers. A researcher at the Leigh Infirmary in Lancashire, England, found a significant increase in hair loss and graying among smokers, reporting that they are twice as likely to lose their hair or be gray at a certain age. British Medical Journal, December 21, 1996.
Bear in mind that smoking will not cause the loss of hair in those who are not genetically predisposed to it. Quitting smoking will also not make your hair stay on your head if baldness runs in your family. But smoking can worsen baldness in men when already present, so stopping smoking may prevent additional hair loss.
How to Prevent Smoking-induced Hair Loss
The most obvious and effective way to avoid hair loss caused by cigarette smoking is to stop smoking. If you’re having trouble quitting you should consult with your doctor to discuss ways to help you kick the habit. Many oral medications, patches, gum, and creams are available to help smokers beat their nicotine addiction and stay smoke free.
Once you have stopped smoking, or even while you are in the processes of quitting, you can help fight the effects of smoking on hair loss by making positive changes in your life. This includes exercising and getting proper nutrition. Cardiovascular exercise increases the heart rate and helps boost poor circulation. Strive to get at least 30 minutes of aerobic exercise at least five times a week in order to strengthen your heart and increase blood circulation. You also need to add a multi vitamin and mineral supplement to your diet. Liquid supplements are the best as they absorb into your system faster and more completely than pills, thereby getting the necessary nutrients to your cells quickly.
Hair is an excellent indicator of our overall well-being. Healthy habits and daily exercise will go a long way towards increasing the number and quality of hairs on your head.
Additional Information
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The Causes of Hair Loss in Women
Are you suffering from the effects of thinning hair?
Women’s hair loss is relatively common with about 25% – 40% of women experiencing at least some degree of thinning hair in their lifetime. Although most of the time the loss is very gradual it does speed up during pregnancy and menopause. With some creative styling and a good can of hairspray the underlying area can be concealed quite effectively. This is because female hair loss tends to be diffused, which means less hair all over, as opposed to excessive loss in one spot. Women also rarely loose the hair in their frontal hairline, which makes it easier to mask the effects of thinning hair.
But don’t think this makes it any easier on them. The psychological effects of hair loss can be significant, and many women are emotionally affected even when thinning is in its very early stages. This is due, in part, to the assumption that few women lose their hair and female hair loss is socially unacceptable. To add to the problem, the widely used medication Propecia is not indicated for women, so there is a perception that medical progress in treating female hair loss is not as advanced, or that the medical community does not take the treatment of female hair loss as seriously. Lastly, because hair loss in women can so often be disguised with existing hair, many women choose to hide their hair loss from others. Not sharing their problem tends to isolate them and makes the ability to deal with their hair loss more difficult.
What’s a gal to do?
Well, first, you need to understand that there are many more reasons women to lose their hair than men. A good place to start is with your doctor. Get a complete physical to see if there is an underlying medical condition which may be a contributing factor. If one is found and treated, the hair loss can often be reversed. Beyond that it is good to know the classifications of hair loss so that you will have a better understanding of the issues involved.
The medical community has created three different categories of hair loss causes. The are:
Localized Hair Loss
Although there are a host of dermatologic conditions that can cause hair loss, they produce a pattern that is different from the diffuse thinning seen in female pattern balding. The following are the more common causes of local alopecia. A dermatologist should be consulted if any of these conditions are suspected. (Please note: the term alopecia is synonymous with hair loss.)
Scarring from injuries, local medical problems, or dermatologic conditions such as Lupus, Lichen Planus, or radiation therapy can cause balding.
Alopecia Areata is a genetic, auto-immune disease that is identified by the sudden appearance of discrete, round patches that are completely devoid of hair. Occasionally, the entire scalp may be involved (alopecia totalis) and even the entire body hair including the eyebrows and eyelashes (alopecia universalis). It can be treated with local injections of steroids. Generalized alopecia is more difficult to treat. The prognosis is better the older the age of onset. Alopecia areata can sometimes be associated with other conditions such as thyroid disease.
Hairstyles that exert constant pull on the hair, such as “corn rows” or tightly woven braids produce a characteristic pattern called “Traction Alopecia” that can be identified by a rim of thinning or baldness along the frontal hairline and at the temples. This is easily prevented by changing one’s daily hair-care habits, but once the hair loss occurs, it may be permanent.
Trichotillomania, or Traction Alopecia, is a condition seen more commonly in young females where the person twists, tugs or pulls out her hair. This can be scalp hair, eyebrows or eyelashes. The hair loss can also be permanent if the habit persists for a long period of time. The diagnosis is made by observing short, broken hairs in the area of hair loss.
Face-lift and brow-lift procedures commonly result in hair loss in the vicinity of the incision, such as along the frontal hairline, in the temples, or adjacent to a surgical scar.
Tinea Capitis is a fungal infection of the scalp. It appears as irregular, red and scaly patches and/or small bald patches with broken hairs. The diagnosis is made by scraping a small piece of scale from the scalp and obtaining a bit of hair for testing. The specimens are sent for special fungal stains and cultures.
Pseudopalade is a non-specific scarring alopecia that generally starts on the top of the scalp and extends into the surrounding hair bearing areas with finger-like extensions. The areas look smooth and white due to the scarring and loss of hair follicles.
Lichen Plano-pilaris is an inflammatory condition of the scalp that presents with redness, scale and localized areas of hair loss. There is a characteristic scaling at the edge of each balding patch.
Discoid Lupus Erythematosus (DLE) is the localized form of Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE), a potentially serious autoimmune disease. It appears as red, scaly, pigmented patches of scarred skin and is mostly a cosmetic problem, but patients must be evaluated for the systemic disease as well with specific blood tests such as an ANA. Systemic Lupus Erythematosus can cause diffuse (generalized) hair loss and both the local and systemic forms of the disease may cause sensitivity to the sun.
Patterned Hair Loss
Women with this type of hair loss have a pattern similar to what is seen in men. The thinning occurs in the front or on top of their scalp with little hair loss around the back and sides of the head. Thus, the balding is in a characteristic “pattern” rather than generalized.
Diffuse Hair Loss
A third category of hair loss in women is a generalized thinning that affects all parts of the scalp. This is the most common type and is most often hereditary, but it can also be caused by underlying medical conditions, medications, and other factors. In this situation, much of the hair remains, but the thickness of the hair shaft is smaller than normal hair. The medical term for this type of thinning is “Diffuse Unpatterned Alopecia”. These women have a relatively large area that has been subjected to thinning.
Common or “hereditary” baldness in women, also called female pattern alopecia, is genetic and can come either the mother’s or father’s side of the family. It is caused by the actions of two enzymes; aromatase (which is found predominantly in women) and 5-a reductase (which is found in both women and men).
The action of 5-a reductase is the main cause of androgenetic alopecia in men, as this enzyme converts the hormone testosterone to DHT. DHT is responsible for the miniaturization (shrinking) and gradual disappearance of affected hair follicles.
Women have half the amount of 5-a reductase compared to men, but have higher levels of the enzyme aromatase, especially at their frontal hairline. Aromatase is responsible for the formation of the female hormones estrone and estradiol. It also decreases the formation of DHT. Its presence in women may help to explain why the presentation of female hair loss is so different than in males, particularly with respect to the preservation of the frontal hairline. It may also explain why women have a poor response to the drug finasteride (Propecia), a medication widely used to treat hair loss in men that works by blocking the formation of DHT.
Women’s hair seems to be particularly sensitive to underlying medical conditions. Since “systemic” problems often cause a diffuse type of hair loss pattern that can be confused with genetic balding, it is important that women with undiagnosed hair loss, be properly evaluated.
Medical conditions that can cause diffuse hair loss in women
- Obstetric and gynecologic conditions such as post-partum and post-menopausal states or ovarian tumors
- Anemia – iron deficiency
- Thyroid disease
- Connective tissue diseases such as Lupus
- Nutritional – crash diets, bulimia, protein/calorie deficiency, essential fatty acid or zinc deficiency, malabsorbtion, hypervitaminosis A
- Stress – surgical procedures, general anesthesia, and severe emotional problems
A relatively large number of drugs can cause “telogen effluvium,” a condition where hair is shifted into a resting stage and then several months later shed. Fortunately, this shedding is reversible if the medication is stopped, but the reaction can be confused with genetic female hair loss if not properly diagnosed. Chemotherapy causes a diffuse type of hair loss called “anagen effluvium” that can be very extensive, but often reversible when the medication is stopped.
Drugs that can cause diffuse hair loss in women
- Blood thinners (anti-coagulants), such as warfarin and heparin
- Seizure medication, most commonly dilantin
- Medication for gout, colchicines and alopurinol (Xyloprim)
- Blood pressure medication, particularly the b-blockers (such as Inderal) or diuretics
- Anti-inflammatory drugs such as prednisone
- Medications that lower cholesterol and other lipids
- Mood altering drugs – lithium, tri-cyclics, Elavil, Prozac
- Chemotherapy
- Thyroid medications
- Oral contraceptive agents, particularly those high in progestins
- Diet pills
- High doses of Vitamin A
- Street drugs (cocaine)
Once you understand what is causing your hair to thin you will be able to create a course of action to reverse it.
Additional Information
- Female Hair Loss Remedy » 5 Things That Cause Female Hair Loss
- Female Hair Loss – The Doctors TV Show & Dr. Craig Ziering | Health Care Tips
- Female Hair Loss: Sarah?s Story | imagefapcom
- I’ve Seen 3 Different Types of Doctors for My Female Hair Loss – Hair Loss Information by Dr. William Rassman
- A diuretic Aldactone against female hair loss | Ardour.tv
- What You Need To Know About Female Baldness | Business | General marketing and busines
- Hair Loss Remedy | health care information
- I’ve Seen 3 Different Types of Doctors for My Female Hair Loss
- Understanding Why Women Hair Loss Occur and What to Do When it is Happens to You | LackOfBaldness.com
- There is something good in every day » Blog Archive » Densitometry and Video-Microscopy in the Hair Transplant Evaluation
- Does a Mature Hairline Have Vellus Hairs? – Hair Loss Information by Dr. William Rassman
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The Ludwig Classification of Hair Loss in Women
Women’s hair loss can be classified into three types: localized hair loss, patterned hair loss, and diffuse hair loss. It can also be divided into scarring and non-scarring types. Since the diffuse, non-scarring female hair loss caused by hereditary is so common, it has its own special classification that is based upon the degree of thinning called the Ludwig classification.
The Ludwig Classification uses three stages to describe female pattern genetic hair loss: Type I (mild), Type II (moderate), and Type III (extensive). In all three Ludwig stages, there is hair loss on the front and top of the scalp with relative preservation of the frontal hairline. The back and sides may or may not be involved.
Type I. Early thinning that can be easily camouflaged with proper grooming.
Type II. Significant widening of the midline part and noticeably decreased volume.
Type III. A thin, see-through look on the top of the scalp. This is often associated with generalized thinning.
Additional Information
- There is something good in every day » Blog Archive » Densitometry and Video-Microscopy in the Hair Transplant Evaluation
- There Is A Selection Of Remedies On Offer Today To Cure Normal Hair Loss
- Woman’s Hair Loss Causes – What to Test | Hair Transplant Blog
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- Hair loss isn’t just a nuisance… it’s a signal to head to the doctor, HAIR LOSS HEALTH NEWS
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- DHT Shampoo For Thinning Hair and Hair Loss | Hair Removal Methods
- Female Hair Loss Remedy » 5 Things That Cause Female Hair Loss
- Female Hair Loss – The Doctors TV Show & Dr. Craig Ziering | Health Care Tips
- Female Hair Loss: Sarah?s Story | imagefapcom
- I’ve Seen 3 Different Types of Doctors for My Female Hair Loss – Hair Loss Information by Dr. William Rassman
- A diuretic Aldactone against female hair loss | Ardour.tv
- What You Need To Know About Female Baldness | Business | General marketing and busines
- Hair Loss Remedy | health care information
- I’ve Seen 3 Different Types of Doctors for My Female Hair Loss
- Understanding Why Women Hair Loss Occur and What to Do When it is Happens to You | LackOfBaldness.com
- Does a Mature Hairline Have Vellus Hairs? – Hair Loss Information by Dr. William Rassman
- Contrast Compound Microscope
| Micro Opticals - Avoiding Pitfalls In Planning A Hair Transplant Part 2 | Finer Hair
Laser Hair Therapy – Painless Natural Hair Restoration using LLLT
There is an exciting new option in hair restoration that is painless and noninvasive – Laser Hair Therapy. Low level laser therapy (LLLT) is a non-chemical, non-invasive treatment that is being used around the U.S. for the treatment of hair loss.
How does Low Level Laser Therapy (LLLT) Work?
Lasers have long been used in all types of medical specialties, including dermatology. Many have used specific lasers to resurface the skin by creating a wound on the top layer so that new, fresh skin emerges from underneath. But a new generation of lasers takes a very different—‘wound-less’—approach. To understand how LLLT works, you have to alter the way you view lasers. LLLT isn’t a light source that causes thermal, or heat, damage. With LLLT, there is no cutting or burning sensation. The technology doesn’t even resemble the look of traditional lasers. Instead, LLLT is delivered by a device that contains panels of lasers that shine on the scalp. Laser hair therapy uses a laser diode operating in the red portion of the visible color spectrum. Laser energy is different from natural light in several ways. It is monochromatic, which means all the energy is essentially one wavelength or color whereas a light bulb produces a broad spectrum of light and energy waves. Laser energy is also collimated which means it is a tight beam of light energy that spreads or diverges only a little at great distances while a light bulb loses its brightness very quickly with distance.
The relationship between lasers and hair growth was first discovered almost 40 years ago. During the 1960’s and 1970’s, researchers used low level lasers to evaluate their potential bio-stimulating effects on living tissues. In a surprise finding, during experiments on patients with leg ulcers, doctors observed that the hair follicles which surrounded the area being treated by the low level laser grew new hair.
Laser light appears to stimulate microcirculation, decrease inflammation and improve both cellular metabolism and protein synthesis. Furthermore, European studies suggest that LLLT increases blood and lymph circulation at the hair roots and stimulates follicular cells, which may cause hair to grow thicker and stronger. Living cells thrive in light and your head is no different.
Professional Laser Hair Restoration Products for Women and Men
In January of 2007 a hand-held laser therapy device, called the HairMax LaserComb, was cleared by the FDA as a treatment for ‘androgenetic alopecia’ (male pattern hair loss). The way the laser comb works is quite simple. The visible red light from the comb’s lasers travel several layers into the tissue without harming the skin and scalp. Because the laser light does not cut or burn the skin, the therapeutic light-energy is absorbed by the cells and the process of cell repair begins. One theory of how this noninvasive, non-chemical hair loss treatment works is that it stimulates the production of energy at the cellular level; therefore, improving cell function.
Professional hair laser products are now available for personal use. They come in a wide array of sizes and price points. All LLLT lasers that are used to treat hair loss have these same specifications: 5 milliwatts of Power and 650 nanometers of wavelength.
The Super Grow 50 is a smaller version of the clinical models used in laser hair salons. It contains 50 full strength lasers in a convenient overhead delivery system. All you have to do is sit in a chair and turn it on.
If 50 lasers are not enough and you’re looking for more of a complete salon experience then the Super Grow Dome 90 is what you need. Dome hoods are the standard method of laser delivery in the professional salons. This allows the lasers to be aimed at the scalp at a 90 degree angle from all sides. With 90 lasers and a fully adjustable stand you can’t go wrong.
If you travel much a portable model is available, the Super Grow Handheld Travel Laser. It contains 12 full power lasers in a compact design.
Another product that utilizes phototherapy to regrow hair is the Plasma Ion & Photo Therapy Hair Growth and Repair Brush. Unlike the laser models above, it uses LED light for photo rejuvenation, which stimulates metabolism and supports healthy hair growth. This device also purifies your hair and head with ozone. Electronic ions discharge and sterilize your scalp while the 3-D Micro Massage accelerates blood circulation by vibrating 6000 times per minute.
Do Laser Combs Regrow Hair?
Men and women of all ages who have used hand held low level laser hair therapy devices have said their hair looks and feels thicker, fuller, healthier, and have noticed improved hair growth. Like other treatments some folks tend to respond better than others. In general, men and women who have “more hair” tend to receive better results. A study published in the International Journal of Cosmetic Surgery and Aesthetic Dermatology, (Vol. 5, Number 2, 2003 by John L. Satino and Michael Markou, D.O.), titled “Hair Regrowth and Low Level Laser Therapy” concluded “LLLT with the HairMax LaserComb is an effective treatment for stimulating hair growth and increasing the tensile strength of hair in both sexes in both the temporal and vertex regions.” At the 2005 Annual meeting of the American Society for Laser Medicine and Surgery a preliminary report was presented on the positive effects of Phototherapy on the hair follicle, including hair growth. This preliminary study also provided some insight into the mechanism of action of phototherapy and its effect on the cells of the hair follicle.
Low Level Lasers have been approved in this country as a treatment for carpal tunnel syndrome, as a wound-healing aide, and as an adjunct to liposuction procedures. Laser therapy has been safely used for decades throughout Europe, the Far East and has no documented side effects.
Additional Information
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- Laser Hair Loss Treatment – Can Light Grow New Hair? « Answering
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Do Follow Blog, Keyword Luv, Comment Luv & Top Commenter
Looking for regular “follow” links to your site? This site is running keyword luv, comment luv, and top commenter. Get your links here! It’s no secret today that solid content plus links lead to high search rankings. As a way to say thank you to those that comment on my site I have installed a bunch of plugins that reward you with your own site promotion and linking.
By running both Comment Luv and Keyword Luv I provide you the opportunity to actually get two backlinks and keyword rich anchor text from one comment.
Comment Luv works by showing a link to the title from your latest blog post on your site under your comment. This not only gives you a backlink to your blog, but if your post title is interesting enough, some of my readers may be inclined to visit you.
Keyword Luv works by separating your name from the keywords you would like to use in the anchor text of your comment. This gives you much improved anchor text for the link. So instead of just your name or keywords being hyperlinked in the comment, your comment will look a little like this:
Jennifer from Natural Hair Restoration says:
In which case the keywords or name of your site are hyperlinked – not your name.
Using the above as an example, to make use of the Keyword Luv feature, you will have to enter your information in the name field like this:
Jennifer @ Natural Hair Restoration
This is not an email address. It just tells the plugin to parse the word Jennifer as the name and use Natural Hair Restoration as the anchor text for the link. Go on, leave me a comment and give it a try to see how it works.
I only ask the following:
Simply add to the original post and stay on topic and your comments will be approved. Low quality comments like “Hey, nice site,” and “Great post” will be deleted. Pretty easy! Furthermore you will be getting as many as three links from this site.
- Top Commenters Plugins (Site Wide Link)
- Keyword Luv Link
- Comment Luv Link
I get solid content and you get quality links. Everybody wins!
Thanks again guys, have fun and stop by often.
PS For those of you who are new to commenting I found a great blog about Commenting Etiquette
What is the function of hair?
Why do we have hair?
The reasons we have hair are not completely understood. We do know that hair, along with skin pigmentation, is the primary natural protector we have against the sun’s ultra-violet rays. The hair on your head helps prevent trauma to the skull. Heck, it can even save your life!
Hair also helps to insulate and conceal. On other parts of your body it acts as a “dry lubricant” in areas that rub, such as in the arm pits or groin areas, and hair disperses pheromones (body secretions that are involved in sexual attraction.)
Another function of hair is to sense the immediate surroundings, such as how a cat uses its whiskers. Although human hair doesn’t have as many sensory nerve fibers in their roots like a cat, we do have a nerve fiber running to the bulb of each hair follicle. Movement of a hair causes a sensation that makes you aware of something on your skin’s surface, such as when a mosquito walks on your arm.
In the animal world hair is a major defense mechanism. When an animal is startled its fur bristles, which makes the animal appear larger and more menacing. You’ve probably seen this on an upset cat, when its tail poofs up, or when a dog raises the hackles on their neck. An extreme example is the porcupine. Their quills are actually modified hairs which can be used as a weapon. What causes the hairs to stand on end is a tiny muscle, called the erector pili, which connects the lower portion of each hair shaft with the underside of the skin. When an animal or person is frightened or angry these small muscles contract and cause the hair to stand on end. Just like when you get goosebumps.
What exactly is hair anyways?
Anatomically, hair is a distinct part of the skin referred to as an appendage. Other skin appendages include sweat glands, fingernails and toenails. Skin is composed of three main layers. The outer layer of skin is the epidermis which is less than a millimeter in thickness and is composed of dead cells that are in a constant state of sloughing and replacement. As dead cells are lost, new ones from the growing layer below replace them.
Beneath the epidermis is the dermis, a tough layer of connective tissue (collagen) that is about 2 to 3 mm thick on the scalp. This layer gives the skin its strength, and contains both sebaceous glands and sweat glands. Beneath the dermis is a layer of subcutaneous fat and connective tissue. The larger sensory nerve branches and the blood vessels that nourish the skin run deep in this layer. In the scalp, the lower portions of the hair follicles (the bulbs) are found in the upper part of this fatty layer.
An interesting characteristic of hair is that, in contrast to the commonly held notion that it grows as individual strands, it actually emerges from the scalp in groups of one to four (and sometimes even five or six). The reason for this is that hair follicles are not solitary structures, but are arranged in the skin in naturally occurring groups called follicular units.
Each hair follicle measures about 3-4 mm in length and produces a hair shaft about 0.1 mm in width. Each hair shaft also contains a small gland called the sebaceous gland, located next to the hair shaft. Sebaceous glands make a yellow, fatty substance called sebum that lubricates the hair. Each time the erector pili muscle contracts, the gland is squeezed, and a small amount of lubricant is applied to the surface of the hair. The hair follicle has five main parts. Starting from the bottom of the follicle, they are; the dermal papillae, matrix, outer root sheath (ORS), inner root sheath (IRS), and the hair shaft.
The dermal papillae contains specialized cells called fibroblasts that regulate the hair cycle and hair growth. They also contain androgen receptors that are sensitive to DHT. For many years, scientists thought that hair growth originated from the dermal papillae. Recent evidence has shown that the growth center extends from the dermal papillae all the way up to the region of the follicle where the sebaceous glands are attached. It is now believed that the primary function of the dermal papillae is to regulate follicular growth and differentiation. If the dermal papillae is removed the hair follicle is often able to regenerate a new one, although the growth of the new hair will be delayed.
The matrix sits over the dermal papillae and contains actively dividing, immunologically privileged cells. Together the dermal papillae and the matrix are referred to as the hair bulb. The size of the bulb and the number of matrix cells will determine the width of the fully-grown hair. The cells of the matrix differentiate into the three main components of the hair follicle: outer root sheath, inner root sheath, and hair shaft.
The outer root sheath or trichelemma (Greek for coating sac), surrounds the hair follicle in the dermis and then blends into the epidermis on the surface of the skin, forming the structure commonly referred to as the pore from which the hair emerges.
The inner root sheath essentially forms a mold for the developing hair shaft. It is composed of three parts (Henley layer, Huxley layer, and cuticle), with the cuticle being the innermost portion that touches the hair shaft. The cuticle of the inner root sheath is formed by a layer of overlapping cells that interlock with the cuticle of the hair shaft. This overlapping mechanism holds the hair shaft securely in place, but also allows it to grow in length. The cells of the inner root sheath keratinize giving it rigidity and strength. Racial variations are felt to be due to the asymmetric formation of the inner root sheath. If you look at the cross section of the inner root sheath, the shape is oval in Europeans, flat in Africans, and round in Asians.
The hair shaft is the only part of the hair follicle to exit the epidermis (the surface of the skin). The hair shaft itself is also composed of three layers. The cuticle, which is the outer layer that interlocks with the internal root sheath, forms the surface of the hair and is what we see as the hair shaft emerges from the follicle. The middle layer, the cortex, comprises the bulk of the hair shaft and is what gives hair its strength. It is composed of an organic protein called keratin, the same material that comprises rhinoceros horns and deer antlers. The center, or core, of the hair shaft, is the medulla, and is only present in terminal hair follicles.
The normal human scalp contains between 100,000 to 150,000 follicles that produce thick terminal hair. These hairs do not emerge individually from the scalp, but are arranged in follicular units, small groups of 1 to 4 hairs each. There are approximately 50,000 to 65,000 follicular units on the human scalp. For comparison, the human body has approximately 5 million follicles that produce the fine, vellus hair.
At any given time, about 90% of terminal hairs on one’s head are actively growing. This phase, called anagen, can last from 2 to 7 years, though the average is about three years. In catagen, which is the shortest phase lasting about 2-3 weeks, growth stops, the middle of the follicle constricts and the lower portion expands to form the “club.” The other remaining 10% of scalp hairs are in a resting state called telogen that, in a normal scalp, lasts about 3 to 4 months.
When a hair enters its resting phase, growth stops, and the bulb detaches from the papilla, and the shaft is either pulled out (as when combing one’s hair) or pushed out when the new shaft starts to grow. When a hair is pulled out, or falls out on its own, a small, white swelling is found at the bottom of the hair shaft. Most people assume that this is the growth center of the hair, but it is just the clubbed, detached lower end of the hair shaft. The dermal papillae and the growth center of the hair remain in the scalp. Scalp hair grows at a rate of about 0.44 mm/day (or 1/2 inch per month). Each hair follicle goes through the hair cycle 10-20 times in a lifetime.
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Hair Restoration Glossary of Terms
This page contains a glossary of commonly used terms in hair restoration.
5-Alpha-reductase – The enzyme which converts testosterone to dihydrotestosterone (DHT), the hormone that triggers Androgenic Alopecia in individuals who are genetically susceptible. Type 1 5-alpha-reductase is found primarily in the skin and Type 2 5-alpha-reductase is found primarily in the prostate and inner sheath of the hair follicle.
Acne – An inflammatory disease which affects the sebaceous glands of the skin.
Alopecia – Complete or partial lack of hair resulting from various conditions.
Alopecia Adnata – Under-development of eyelashes.
Alopecia Areata – Medical term for hair loss which occurs in patches on the scalp.
Alopecia Senilis – Baldness due to old age.
Alopecia Totalis – The complete loss of scalp hair often combined with the loss of eyebrows and eyelashes.
Alopecia Universalis – The term for hair loss which occurs over the entire body.
Anagen – The term for the growing phase of the hair cycle which lasts five to seven years in a healthy person. See catagen and telogen for other phases of the hair cycle.
Androgenic Alopecia – The common name for male or female pattern baldness which depends on the genetic predisposition of the hair follicles and the levels of androgen (male sex hormone) in the body.
Androgens – Male sex hormones.
Antiandrogen – An antiandrogen blocks the effects of androgens, normally by blocking the receptor sites.
Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia (BPH) – Non-cancerous enlargement of the prostate gland. As the prostate gland swells, it reduces the urine flow and prevents the bladder from emptying.
Catagen – The end of the active growth period of a hair follicle, and is marked by changes in the follicle. See anagen and telogen for other phases of the hair cycle.
Cicatricial Alopecia – Baldness due to scarring. The follicles are absent in scar tissue.
Clone – A group of genetically identical cells or organisms derived from a single common cell.
Coronal grafting (a.k.a. lateral or perpendicular grafts) – Grafts are placed into recipient sites made with a very small blade that pierced the skin at right angles to the hair direction. See also sagittal grafting.
Cortex – The principal structural component of the hair shaft.
Crown – Area at the top of the head.
Dermal papilla – The dermal papilla is situated at the base of the hair follicle. The dermal papilla contains nerves and blood vessels which supply glucose for energy and amino acids to make keratin.
DHT (5-alpha dihydrotestosterone) – A male hormone that is suggested to be the main cause for the miniaturization of the hair follicle and subsequent hair loss. DHT is formed from the male hormone testosterone by the enzyme 5-alpha-reductase.
Donor Site – Site where hair follicles are harvested during transplant surgery.
Dutasteride - A medication for the treatment of benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH). It is an inhibitor of type 1 and type 2 5-alpha-reductase, the enzymes responsible for converting testosterone to DHT.
Estrogen – One of a group of hormonal steroid compounds that promote the development of female secondary sex characteristics.
Finasteride – Finasteride is the generic name of a drug that binds with the type 2 5-alpha-reductase enzyme to reduce the amount of DHT in the prostate and serum. Finasteride is approved by the FDA for treatment of benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) as Proscar 5mg daily dose and also for hair loss as Propecia 1mg daily dose.
Follicle – A tube-like structure in the skin in which develops a hair shaft.
Follicular Unit – Groupings of 1-4 hairs that grow together.
Follicular Unit Transplantation – A recent technique in hair transplantation where the naturally occurring follicular units of hair follicles are implanted as a natural group.
Gene Therapy – A treatment method which involves the manipulation of the genetic makeup.
Generic - A term which refers to a substance, product or drug that is non-proprietary (not manufactured and sold only by the owner of the patent, formula, brand name, or trademark associated with the product.)
Gynecomastia – Excessive development of the breast tissue on a male.
Hair Cloning – A technique under development which could make an unlimited crop of donor hair available for transplanting. It differs from cell therapy, another developing technique in which follicular stem cells are injected directly into the skin to grow new hairs.
Hair Integration - Hair weaving.
Hair Weaving – A process by which a hair piece is attached to existing hair on the head through braiding or a weaving process.
Hirsutism – Excessive body or facial hair.
Keratin – A collective name for a group of proteins that are present in the hair and nails.
Ludwig Scale – Classification of female pattern hair loss (see Norwood scale).
Medulla – The medulla is a central zone of cells, usually only present in large, thick hairs.
Micro Graft – A very small hair graft usually consisting of one or two follicles.
Mini Graft – A small hair graft usually consisting of between three to ten hair follicles.
Minoxidil – Minoxidil is the generic name of the brand name drug Rogaine. Minoxidil is a topical lotion available over-the-counter in 2% to 5% solution. Minoxidil was the first drug to be approved by the FDA for the treatment of androgenic alopecia.
Norwood/Hamilton Scale – The most commonly used scale for the classification of male pattern hair loss.
Papilla – Knoblike indentation at the bottom of the follicle which contains a vascular loop for nourishment.
Propecia – A brand name for finasteride 1 mg, approved for the treatment of male pattern hair loss.
Proprietary – Pertaining to a drug that is produced and still under patent by a pharmaceutical company.
Proscar – The brand name for finasteride 5mg, approved for the treatment of benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH).
Punch Graft – Punch grafts are the old fashioned way of removing grafts for hair transplants. Follicular Unit Extraction (FUE) is a modern adaptation of this technique in which very small punch (1mm or less) is used to re-move one follicular unit at a time.
Recipient Site – The bald or thinning area into which hair grafts or plugs are transplanted.
Retin-A (Tretinoin) – Retin-A is a brand name for a topical gel or cream normally used in the treatment of acne.
Rogaine – A brand names for minoxidil, a topical lotion for the treatment of hair loss.
Sabaceous Gland – Sebaceous glands are sebum (oil) producing glands found connected to hair follicles in the skin throughout the body (except in the palms of the hands and soles of the feet). They deposit sebum on the hairs, and bring it to the skin surface along the hair shaft.
Sagittal Grafting (a.k.a. parallel grafts) – Grafts are placed into recipient sites made with a very small blade that pierced the skin parallel to the hair direction. See also coronal grafting.
Saw Palmetto – A plant native to North America. It may have some, unproven therapeutic benefits for benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH). It does not lower DHT or testosterone levels.
Scleroderma - A disease of the skin and connective tissue that can cause hair loss over the affected areas.
Sebum – The oily secretion of the sebaceous glands of the scalp composed of oils and cellular debris.
Spironolactone – This drug acts as an antiandrogen and is used in the treatment of androgen related disorders such as female pattern baldness and hirsutism.
Telogen – This is the resting phase of the hair cycle. See anagen and catagen for other phases of the hair cycle.
Testosterone – A predominantly male hormone which promotes the development of male characteristics.
Topically – Means to apply directly onto the skin.
Traction Alopecia – Hair loss which occurs due to traction being placed on hair. Traction alopecia is commonly seen with braids, pony tails and other hairstyles which cause tension on the scalp.
Transection – Describes damage to hair follicles that can decrease survival after transplantation.
Trichotillomania – A compulsion to pull out one’s own hair.
Vellus – The soft downy hair found covering the body.
Vertex (a.k.a whorl) – The vertex is the top of the head towards the posterior position, including the area at which the hair grows in a spiral pattern.
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